Employment Situation Summary May 3, 2014

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 175,000 in April, and the unemployment rate
changed little at 3.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains
occurred in health care, in social assistance, and in transportation and warehousing.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information 
about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical 
Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 3.9 percent, and the number of unemployed people, at 6.5
million, changed little in April. The unemployment rate has remained in a narrow range of 3.7
percent to 3.9 percent since August 2023. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult men (3.6 percent) increased in
April. The rate for Blacks (5.6 percent) decreased, offsetting an increase in the prior month.
The jobless rates for adult women (3.5 percent), teenagers (11.7 percent), Whites (3.5 percent),
Asians (2.8 percent), and Hispanics (4.8 percent) showed little change over the month. (See
tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.3 million, was
essentially unchanged in April. The long-term unemployed accounted for 19.6 percent of all
unemployed people. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate held at 62.7 percent in April, and the employment-population
ratio was little changed at 60.2 percent. These measures have shown little change over the
year. (See table A-1.)

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.5 million, changed little
in April. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part
time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See
table A-8.)

In April, the number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 5.6 million,
was little changed. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not
actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take
a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached
to the labor force, at 1.6 million, was little changed in April. These individuals wanted and
were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not
looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a 
subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, also
changed little over the month at 362,000. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 175,000 in April, lower than the average monthly
gain of 242,000 over the prior 12 months. In April, job gains occurred in health care, in
social assistance, and in transportation and warehousing. (See table B-1.)

Health care added 56,000 jobs in April, in line with the average monthly gain of 63,000 over
the prior 12 months. In April, employment continued to increase in ambulatory health care
services (+33,000), hospitals (+14,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (+9,000). 

Employment in social assistance increased by 31,000 in April, led by a gain in individual and
family services (+23,000). Social assistance had added an average of 21,000 jobs per month 
over the prior 12 months.

In April, transportation and warehousing added 22,000 jobs, with gains in couriers and 
messengers (+8,000) and warehousing and storage (+8,000). Over the prior 12 months, employment
in transportation and warehousing had shown little net change.

Employment in retail trade continued to trend up in April (+20,000). Over the prior 12 months,
the industry had added an average of 7,000 jobs per month. In April, employment increased in
general merchandise retailers (+10,000), building material and garden equipment and supplies
dealers (+7,000), and health and personal care retailers (+5,000). Electronics and appliance
retailers lost 3,000 jobs. 

Construction employment changed little in April (+9,000), following an increase of 40,000 in
March. Over the prior 12 months, construction had added an average of 22,000 jobs per month. 

Employment in government changed little in April (+8,000). Over the prior 12 months, government
had added an average of 55,000 jobs per month. In April, local government employment was 
unchanged, following an increase of 51,000 in March. 

Employment was little changed over the month in other major industries, including mining,
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; manufacturing; wholesale trade; information; financial
activities; professional and business services; leisure and hospitality; and other services.

In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by
7 cents, or 0.2 percent, to $34.75. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have 
increased by 3.9 percent. In April, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees edged up by 6 cents, or 0.2 percent, to $29.83. (See tables B-3 and
B-8.) 

In April, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1
hour to 34.3 hours. In manufacturing, the average workweek was unchanged at 40.0 hours, and
overtime was also unchanged at 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and 
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours.
(See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised down by 34,000, from
+270,000 to +236,000, and the change for March was revised up by 12,000, from +303,000 to
+315,000. With these revisions, employment in February and March combined is 22,000 lower than
previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from 
businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the 
recalculation of seasonal factors.)

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The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 7, 2024,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).